
How Long Does a Dishwasher Run? Cycle Times From 47 Current Owner Manuals
- Primary data
- KBR registry of 47 US dishwasher owner manuals; DOE Federal Register record; EIA RECS 2024 microdata
- Data period
- 1983 to 2026
- Latest release used
- 2026-11-02
- Next release
- Registry recheck quarterly; RECS 2024 final data from EIA, date not announced
- Geography
- United States
- Sources
- 23 (18 Tier 1)
132.5 minutes: that is the median Normal cycle across 21 current standard-size dishwashers whose owner manuals count drying, against a 60-minute median quick cycle (KBR registry, November 2026). For anyone asking how long does a dishwasher run, DOE's own 2020 lab tests averaged 131.1 minutes, versus 69 minutes in 1983 petitioner data DOE cited.
This month in brief
- The median Normal cycle is 132.5 minutes across 21 current standard-size models whose manuals count drying; all 21 state an upper end above 2 hours (KBR registry of owner manuals, November 2026).
- GE and GE Profile manuals, 23 of 44 standard-size models in the registry, state washing time only; their median Normal midpoint is 92.5 minutes before drying.
- Quick cycles have a median of 60 minutes across 42 standard-size models, but most skip drying, and Bosch's Speed60 lists more energy than a light Normal load on 10 of 12 models.
- Petitioner data DOE cited in 2019 put average cycle time at 69 minutes in 1983 and 140 minutes in 2018; DOE's 2020 tests of 31 models averaged 131.1 minutes on Normal and 75.5 on Quick.
- DOE created a class for dishwashers with a Normal cycle of 60 minutes or less in October 2020, revoked it in January 2022 and confirmed the withdrawal on remand in December 2024.
- In 2024, Normal was the most-used cycle for 82.3% of the 80.3 million US households that run a dishwasher; Quick for 3.3% (EIA RECS microdata).
- Standards from April 23, 2027 cap standard-size models at 223 kWh a year and 3.3 gallons a cycle; DOE's May 2025 proposal to rescind the water limits had no final rule as of November 2, 2026.
How long does a dishwasher run? 132.5 minutes on Normal when the manual counts drying
Across 21 current standard-size models from Bosch, Thermador, ZLINE and Danby whose manuals include drying in the stated time, the median Normal cycle midpoint is 132.5 minutes. Every one of those 21 models states a Normal range whose upper end passes 2 hours.
The figure comes from a KBR registry of 47 current US dishwasher models from 6 brands, built from 28 distinct owner manuals downloaded from the manufacturers' own sites on November 2, 2026. For each model the registry records the cycle the manual names as the one used for the DOE rating (usually Normal), the minutes the manual states for it, and the shortest full cycle the manual markets as quick.
Among the 21 standard-size models whose manuals count drying, the median low end of the Normal range is 130 minutes and the median high end is 135 minutes. The share with a midpoint above 2 hours is 85.7%. The longest standard-size range in the registry runs to 160 minutes (Bosch's manual for SHP95CM5N lists 2:25 to 2:40).
Count of models by midpoint of the stated Normal cycle, by what the manual times include
Source: KBR registry of 47 owner manuals (GE, GE Profile, Bosch, Thermador, ZLINE, Danby), accessed Nov. 2, 2026
Shared manuals could tilt a model count. Counting each of the 26 distinct standard-size manuals once gives the same 132.5-minute median, with 76.9% of manuals stating a Normal range that tops 2 hours at the upper end.
| Group | Models | Brands | Distinct manuals | Median low end (min) | Median high end (min) | Median midpoint (min) | % over 2 h at high end | % over 2 h at midpoint | Median quick (min) | Normal-to-quick ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard size, manual counts drying | 21 | 4 | 20 | 130 | 135 | 132.5 | 100.0 | 85.7 | 60 | 2.21 |
| Standard size, washing time only (GE, GE Profile) | 23 | 2 | 6 | 75 | 110 | 92.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 60 | 1.54 |
| All standard-size models | 44 | 6 | 26 | 90.0 | 120.0 | 105.0 | 47.7 | 40.9 | 60.0 | 1.75 |
| Standard size, one row per manual | 26 | 6 | 26 | 130.0 | 135.0 | 132.5 | 76.9 | 69.2 | 60 | 2.21 |
| All 47 models incl. compacts | 47 | 6 | 28 | 90 | 120 | 105.0 | 48.9 | 42.6 | 60.0 | 1.75 |
KBR Research calculation from tables/registry.csv. 'Over 2 h' means more than 120 minutes.
Source: [19][20][21][22][23] GE Appliances; BSH Home Appliances (Bosch); BSH Home Appliances (Thermador); ZLINE Kitchen and Bath; Danby
Normal cycle: The cycle a manufacturer recommends for a full load of normally soiled dishes; it is the only cycle DOE tests for compliance with energy and water limits (88 FR 32514).

GE and GE Profile manuals quote washing time only, so their 75 to 120 minutes understates the run
All 6 GE Appliances manuals in the registry carry the footnote that the stated times are washing time only and exclude drying, Auto Hot Start and options. Those manuals cover 23 of the 44 standard-size models (52.3%), and their median Normal midpoint is 92.5 minutes.
GE manuals for models such as GDT650SYVFS and PDT715SYNFS state a Normal time range of 1 hour 15 minutes to 1 hour 50 minutes. The same manuals say the Dry Boost option adds 49 to 90 minutes, and other GE manuals say Wash Temp Boost adds 20 to 50 minutes and Auto Hot Start up to 25 minutes when inlet water is cold.
A shopper comparing a GE manual's 80-minute Normal/Everyday figure with a Bosch manual's 2:10 to 2:15 is comparing a wash-only number with a door-to-door number. The registry keeps the two groups apart rather than adding an assumed drying time to GE's figures.
The median quick cycle is 60 minutes, and it does not always use less energy or water
42 of the 44 standard-size models list a quick cycle, with a median of 60 minutes. Among the 17 Bosch and Thermador models that list energy and water for both cycles, the quick cycle's water exceeds the low end of the Normal range in all 17.
Bosch's Speed60 cycle runs 60 minutes including drying. Its listed energy (median 0.84 kWh) exceeds the low end of the Normal energy range on 10 of 12 Bosch models; the median Normal low end is 0.775 kWh. Thermador's Quick cycle runs 30 to 35 minutes with no drying step and is listed at a median 0.56 kWh.
Median kWh per cycle stated in BSH manuals
Source: Bosch and Thermador US user manuals, accessed Nov. 2, 2026; KBR medians
| Model group | Models | Normal (min) | Quick (min) | Normal kWh, low to high | Quick kWh | Normal gal, low to high | Quick gal | Quick includes drying |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bosch (Speed60) | 12 | 132.5 | 60.0 | 0.775 to 0.850 | 0.840 | 2.35 to 5.7 | 3.8 | yes |
| Thermador (Quick) | 5 | 132.5 | 35.0 | 0.78 to 0.85 | 0.56 | 2.3 to 5.5 | 2.8 | no |
| ZLINE Classic (Rapid) | 2 | 120.0 | 60 | not listed | not listed | 2.5 to 4.9 | 3.3 | no |
| Danby DDW2404EBSS (Rapid) | 1 | 115.0 | 60 | not listed | not listed | 2.8 to 5.7 | 3.7 | no |
Medians across models in each group. Normal ranges run from a lightly to a heavily soiled sensed load. ZLINE and Danby manuals list water but not energy.
Source: [20][21][22][23] BSH Home Appliances (Bosch); BSH Home Appliances (Thermador); ZLINE Kitchen and Bath; Danby
Normal's energy and water ranges are wide because sensor cycles use more water on a dirtier load: Bosch lists 2.3 to 5.5 gallons on Normal for SHX78CM5N against 3.8 gallons on Speed60. DOE made a similar point in 2020: the tested Quick cycles averaged energy and water use within the standards, yet only 1 of the 10 cycles under 60 minutes cleaned to a score of 70 on all three soil loads (85 FR 68723). Water limits themselves are covered in KBR's report on how much water a dishwasher uses.
Cycle times doubled from 69 minutes in 1983 to 140 in 2018 in the data DOE cited
In its July 2019 proposal, DOE cited petitioner data showing average dishwasher cycle time rose from 69 minutes in 1983 to 140 minutes in 2018, an increase of 71 minutes or 2.03 times. DOE's own 2020 tests of 31 models averaged 131.1 minutes on Normal.
Petitioner averages, DOE lab tests and 2026 manual medians
Source: DOE, 84 FR 33869 and 88 FR 32514; KBR registry of owner manuals, Nov. 2026
The 69 and 140 minute averages came from the Competitive Enterprise Institute's petition data (CEI Petition, No. 0006), as summarized by DOE at 84 FR 33869; the Federal Register does not describe how the models were sampled. DOE's 2020 laboratory sample found none of the tested Normal cycles ran under 60 minutes (85 FR 68723) and reported later that Normal averaged 131.1 minutes and Quick 75.5 minutes, a gap of 55.6 minutes (88 FR 32514).
The 2026 registry median for manuals that count drying, 132.5 minutes, sits 1.4 minutes from DOE's 2020 laboratory average. That is a directional check, not a trend estimate: a median of manufacturer-stated midpoints is not a laboratory mean.
| Year | Measure | Minutes | Source | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Average cycle time, petitioner data cited by DOE | 69 | CEI via DOE, 84 FR 33869 | Not stated |
| 2018 | Average cycle time, petitioner data cited by DOE | 140 | CEI via DOE, 84 FR 33869 | Not stated |
| 2020 | Average Normal cycle, DOE lab test of 31 models | 131.1 | DOE, 88 FR 32514 | DOE test conditions |
| 2020 | Average Quick cycle, same 31 models | 75.5 | DOE, 88 FR 32514 | DOE test conditions |
| 2020 | Mean and median Quick cycle, tested Quick cycles | 80 | DOE, 85 FR 68723 | DOE test conditions |
| 2022 to 2023 | Average cycle, all Consumer Reports-rated models (stakeholder comment) | 148 | Joint Commenters via DOE, 88 FR 32514 | Not stated |
| 2022 to 2023 | Average cycle, rated models meeting ENERGY STAR v7.0 (stakeholder comment) | 142 | Joint Commenters via DOE, 88 FR 32514 | Not stated |
| 2026 | Median Normal cycle, 21 current standard models, manual counts drying | 132.5 | KBR registry of owner manuals | Manufacturer-stated range, midpoint |
| 2026 | Median Normal cycle, 23 current GE and GE Profile models, washing time only | 92.5 | KBR registry of owner manuals | Manufacturer-stated, excludes drying |
| 2026 | Median quick cycle, 42 current standard models | 60 | KBR registry of owner manuals | Manufacturer-stated |
Rows differ in method: petitioner averages, DOE laboratory tests, a stakeholder summary of Consumer Reports ratings, and manufacturer-stated times. Compare directions, not decimals.
Source: [2][3][7][19][20][21][22][23] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; GE Appliances; BSH Home Appliances (Bosch); BSH Home Appliances (Thermador); ZLINE Kitchen and Bath; Danby
Why the longer cycles: in its January 2023 test procedure rule, DOE recorded AHAM's comment that cleaning depends on wash temperature, cycle length, detergent and mechanical action, and that cutting energy and water while keeping cleaning performance could push cycle time to a level consumers would not accept (88 FR 3234). In the May 2023 proposal, DOE wrote that its 2022 preliminary test data showed cycle time was not substantively correlated with Normal-cycle energy and water use, and stakeholders citing Consumer Reports said models meeting ENERGY STAR v7.0 averaged 142 minutes against 148 for all rated models (88 FR 32514).
DOE created a 60-minute dishwasher class in 2020, revoked it in 2022 and confirmed the withdrawal in 2024
Seven years of Federal Register actions trace the short-cycle question, from the March 2018 petition through the December 2024 confirmation that no separate class will exist. The 2027 limits in 10 CFR 430.32 still carry a footnote excluding standard-size models with a Normal cycle of 60 minutes or less.
| Date | Action | Citation | Docket |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-03-21 | CEI petitions DOE for a class of dishwashers with cycles under 1 hour | 83 FR 17768 (notice 2018-04-24) | none listed |
| 2019-07-16 | DOE grants petition and proposes a class with a Normal cycle under 60 minutes | 84 FR 33869 | EERE-2018-BT-STD-0005 |
| 2020-10-30 | Final rule creates a class for standard models with a Normal cycle of 60 minutes or less | 85 FR 68723 | EERE-2018-BT-STD-0005 |
| 2021-08-11 | DOE proposes revoking the short-cycle classes | 86 FR 43970 | EERE-2021-BT-STD-0002 |
| 2022-01-19 | Final rule revokes the short-cycle classes | 87 FR 2673 | EERE-2021-BT-STD-0002 |
| 2023-01-18 | Test procedure final rule (appendix C2) defines how cycle duration is measured | 88 FR 3234 | EERE-2016-BT-TP-0012 |
| 2023-05-19 | Standards NOPR keeps two product classes; no class for quick or other cycles | 88 FR 32514 | EERE-2019-BT-STD-0039 |
| 2024-01-08 | Fifth Circuit remands the 2022 revocation to DOE | as described at 89 FR 105408 | EERE-2024-BT-STD-0002 |
| 2024-04-24 | Direct final rule sets 2027 limits; says it excludes standard models with an average cycle of 60 minutes or less | 89 FR 31398 | EERE-2019-BT-STD-0039 |
| 2024-10-17 | DOE confirms effective and compliance dates (April 23, 2027) | 89 FR 83611 | EERE-2019-BT-STD-0039 |
| 2024-11-08 | On remand, DOE proposes to confirm the short-cycle withdrawal | 89 FR 88661 | EERE-2024-BT-STD-0002 |
| 2024-12-27 | DOE confirms the short-cycle withdrawal | 89 FR 105408 | EERE-2024-BT-STD-0002 |
| 2025-05-16 | DOE proposes rescinding amended water limits (comments to July 15, 2025) | 90 FR 20859 | EERE-2025-BT-STD-0023 |
| 2026-11-02 | No final rule on the 2025 proposal found in the Federal Register | search of federalregister.gov | EERE-2025-BT-STD-0023 |
Dates are Federal Register publication dates except the 2018 petition date and the court decision.
Source: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][14] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register; Federal Register
About a third of the more than 2,000 commenters on DOE's 2018 request for information cited the length of the Normal cycle, DOE wrote in 2019. The October 30, 2020 rule (85 FR 68723) created the class but set no limits for it; the January 19, 2022 rule (87 FR 2673) revoked it. After the Fifth Circuit remanded that revocation on January 8, 2024, DOE reviewed the question and on December 27, 2024 confirmed the withdrawal (89 FR 105408), noting that one unit in its test sample already met the standards with a Normal-quality cycle under 60 minutes.
The April 24, 2024 direct final rule (89 FR 31398, docket EERE-2019-BT-STD-0039) set limits of 223 kWh a year and 3.3 gallons a cycle for standard-size models built from April 23, 2027, against 307 kWh and 5.0 gallons today; compact limits fall to 174 kWh and 3.1 gallons. The appliance-age side of this rule is covered in KBR's report on how long dishwashers last.
82.3% of households that run a dishwasher default to Normal; 3.3% mostly pick Quick
In EIA's 2024 survey, 80.3 million households ran their dishwasher at least once a week. Normal with heated dry was the most-used cycle for 63.4% of them (SE 0.51 points) and Quick for 3.3% (SE 0.2), up from 2.5% in 2020.
Share of US households that run their dishwasher, by most-used cycle
Source: KBR analysis of EIA RECS 2024 (preliminary) and 2020 microdata
| Most-used cycle | Households 2024 (million) | Share of active users 2024 (%) | SE (pts) | Share 2020 (%) | Loads a week 2024 | SE | Share of weekly loads 2024 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal, heated dry | 50.94 | 63.4 | 0.51 | 63.3 | 3.76 | 0.03 | 64.3 |
| Normal, no heated dry | 15.17 | 18.9 | 0.52 | 18.2 | 3.49 | 0.06 | 17.8 |
| Energy saver | 5.29 | 6.6 | 0.26 | 6.7 | 3.45 | 0.1 | 6.1 |
| Heavy / pots and pans | 4.94 | 6.1 | 0.26 | 7.6 | 4.06 | 0.12 | 6.7 |
| Quick | 2.66 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 3.98 | 0.22 | 3.6 |
| Light or delicate | 1.31 | 1.6 | 0.14 | 1.7 | 3.21 | 0.16 | 1.4 |
Active users = households with a dishwasher running at least 1 load a week (80.3 million in 2024). SEs from 60 jackknife replicate weights. 2024 is EIA's preliminary release (March 2026). Household counts match EIA Table HC3.1.
Source: [15][16][17][18] U.S. Energy Information Administration; U.S. Energy Information Administration; U.S. Energy Information Administration; U.S. Energy Information Administration
Of the 82.3% whose most-used cycle is Normal, 77.1% add heated dry, the setting GE manuals exclude from their stated times. The other 19.17 million dishwasher owners (19.3%) reported running 0 loads a week and were not asked about cycles. EIA's published HC3.1 table gives the same household counts (50.94 million on Normal with heated dry, 2.66 million on Quick).
Mean weekly loads among households that run the dishwasher
Source: KBR analysis of EIA RECS 2024 microdata (preliminary)
Quick-cycle households run 3.98 loads a week against 3.76 for Normal with heated dry, a difference within one standard error of the Quick estimate. At the 3.7-load weekly average and the 132.5-minute median Normal cycle, a dishwasher would run about 8.2 hours a week; that is an illustration from two separate sources, not a measured figure. Energy cost context is in KBR's report on the average electric bill.
All 47 models in the registry, with a link to each official manual
The registry lists every model, its stated Normal and quick cycle times, whether the times include drying, and the manual PDF it came from. Values are manufacturer-stated, not KBR test results.
Show all 47 rows
| Brand | Model | Size | Rated cycle | Normal cycle (min) | Midpoint (min) | Time includes drying | Quick cycle | Quick (min) | Manual (official PDF) | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GE | GDT225SSLSS | standard 24 in | AutoSense | 90 to 120 | 105.0 | no, washing time only | none listed | n/a | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–wuOpX1ws–/d65477cc48e220603c2038efbf31206d99a7f175.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT226SSLSS | standard 24 in | AutoSense | 90 to 120 | 105.0 | no, washing time only | none listed | n/a | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–wuOpX1ws–/d65477cc48e220603c2038efbf31206d99a7f175.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDF450PSRSS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDF510PSRSS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDF535PSRSS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT535PSRSS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT550PYRFS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT630PYRFS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDP630PYRFS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT635HSRSS | standard 24 in | Normal/Everyday | 80 | 80.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour/Time Saver | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–EszXjA26–/2ee1c206fc195cd1717cedf8b41e2ab95579670c.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDF630PSMSS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 105 | 90.0 | no, washing time only | 1 Hour | 50 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–is-cXSHS–/da518f9c79ea9964e31d77b9507d3da12a3db05f.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT645SSNSS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–sdJa7sbq–/36ad4624ca7e5f44fdf2157a66dd9a951db34305.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDP645SYNFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–sdJa7sbq–/36ad4624ca7e5f44fdf2157a66dd9a951db34305.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT650SYVFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s—cICc_Tn–/5fb2828e0d05a23804bd46dc2e7fdb4e1117ef28.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT665SSNSS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–sdJa7sbq–/36ad4624ca7e5f44fdf2157a66dd9a951db34305.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDP665SYNFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–sdJa7sbq–/36ad4624ca7e5f44fdf2157a66dd9a951db34305.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDT670SYVFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s—cICc_Tn–/5fb2828e0d05a23804bd46dc2e7fdb4e1117ef28.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE | GDP670SYVFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s—cICc_Tn–/5fb2828e0d05a23804bd46dc2e7fdb4e1117ef28.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE Profile | PDT145SSLSS | compact 18 in | AutoSense | 90 to 120 | 105.0 | no, washing time only | none listed | n/a | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–wuOpX1ws–/d65477cc48e220603c2038efbf31206d99a7f175.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE Profile | PDT715SYNFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–sdJa7sbq–/36ad4624ca7e5f44fdf2157a66dd9a951db34305.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE Profile | PDP715SYNFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–sdJa7sbq–/36ad4624ca7e5f44fdf2157a66dd9a951db34305.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE Profile | PDT755SYRFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–sdJa7sbq–/36ad4624ca7e5f44fdf2157a66dd9a951db34305.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE Profile | PDP755SYRFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s–_PWZ9-o3–/3038e6f593a875770b8073616f3aa71024ae9d82.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| GE Profile | PDT795SYVFS | standard 24 in | Normal | 75 to 110 | 92.5 | no, washing time only | 1-Hour Wash | 60 | https://images.salsify.com/image/upload/s—cICc_Tn–/5fb2828e0d05a23804bd46dc2e7fdb4e1117ef28.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHS53CD5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001645405_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHP53EM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 135 to 155 | 145.0 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9002036864_B.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHV53EM3N | standard 24 in | Normal | 135 to 155 | 145.0 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9002036884_B.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHP65DM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001960944_B.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHP78CM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001641455_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHP78DM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001980417_B.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHV78CM3N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001645353_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHX78CM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001642005_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHX78DM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001980445_B.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHP9PCM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 155 | 142.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001635105_D.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHV9PCM3N | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 155 | 142.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001635113_E.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch | SHP95CM5N | standard 24 in | Normal | 145 to 160 | 152.5 | yes | Speed60 | 60 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001886773_B.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Thermador | DWHD640EFM | standard 24 in | Normal | 135 to 155 | 145.0 | yes | Quick | 30 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001862890_D.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Thermador | DWHD640EPR | standard 24 in | Normal | 135 to 155 | 145.0 | yes | Quick | 30 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001862895_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Thermador | DWHD660EFM | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Quick | 35 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001862916_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Thermador | DWHD661EFM | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Quick | 35 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001864085_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Thermador | DWHD661EPR | standard 24 in | Normal | 130 to 135 | 132.5 | yes | Quick | 35 | https://media3.bsh-group.com/Documents/9001864203_C.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| ZLINE | DW7713-24 | standard 24 in | Normal | 105 to 135 | 120.0 | yes | Rapid | 60 | https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0596/2504/6223/files/ZLINE_Classic_Dishwasher_User_Manual_June_2024.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| ZLINE | DW-SN-24 | standard 24 in | Normal | 105 to 135 | 120.0 | yes | Rapid | 60 | https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0596/2504/6223/files/ZLINE_Classic_Dishwasher_User_Manual_June_2024.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| ZLINE | DWV-18 | compact 18 in | Regular | 182 to 227 | 204.5 | yes | Super | 50 | https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0596/2504/6223/files/ZLINE_DWV_Tallac_Dishwasher_User_Manual_July_2026_0b263f05-dc4a-4f2f-938d-85144b49f9c9.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Danby | DDW2400ESS | standard 24 in | Regular | 122 to 145 | 133.5 | yes | Quick | 50 | https://cdnns.danby.com/4973611/DDW2400ESS_DDW2400EW_EFS_20240205.1222670.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Danby | DDW2404EBSS | standard 24 in | Normal | 100 to 130 | 115.0 | yes | Rapid | 60 | https://cdnns.danby.com/4973611/DDW2404EBSS_DDW2404EBBB_EFS_20251209.2476747.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
| Danby | DDW18D1ESS | compact 18 in | Regular | 122 to 145 | 133.5 | yes | Quick | 50 | https://cdnns.danby.com/4973611/DDW18D1EW_DDW18D1EB_DDW18D1ESS_EFS_20250404.1990350.pdf | 2026-11-02 |
Ranges are the manufacturer's stated span (light to heavy sensed load); midpoint is (low + high) / 2. GE manuals give washing time only. Quick = cycle marketed as quick (Speed60, Quick, 1-Hour Wash, Rapid, Super). Not a sales-weighted sample and not a ranking. Full fields in tables/registry.csv.
Source: [19][20][21][22][23] GE Appliances; BSH Home Appliances (Bosch); BSH Home Appliances (Thermador); ZLINE Kitchen and Bath; Danby

Momentum and share analysis
Median Normal cycle where the manual counts drying (signature figure)
Formulamedian over models of (stated Normal low + stated Normal high) / 2, standard-size models whose manual times include drying
Inputs: tables/registry.csv rows for Bosch (12), Thermador (5), ZLINE (2), Danby (2) (fact sheet rows)
Result: 132.5 minutes (21 models, 4 brands, 20 distinct manuals)
A typical current Normal cycle, door closed to dry dishes, takes a little over 2 hours.
Limitations: Manufacturer-stated ranges, not measurements; midpoint is not a mean; brands sampled by manual availability, not sales.
Normal-to-quick ratio
Formulad1 / median quick minutes of the same 21 models = 132.5 / 60
Inputs: d1; quick_min column in tables/registry.csv (fact sheet rows)
Result: 2.21 times
Choosing the quick cycle saves a bit over an hour, usually at the cost of drying.
Limitations: Only Bosch Speed60 includes drying in its quick time.
Share of standard models stating washing time only
FormulaGE and GE Profile standard models / all standard models = 23 / 44 x 100
Inputs: times_include_drying column in tables/registry.csv (fact sheet rows)
Result: 52.3%
Half the registry's standard models publish a time that leaves out drying, so manual figures are not comparable across brands without reading the footnote.
Limitations: Share reflects which models were sampled; GE has many models sharing 6 manuals.
Change in average cycle time, 1983 to 2018
Formula140 - 69; 140 / 69
Inputs: fact sheet rows 3 and 4 (fact sheet rows)
Result: 71 minutes longer; 2.03 times
Cycle length roughly doubled over the period covered by federal efficiency standards.
Limitations: Petitioner data summarized by DOE; sampling method not published in the Federal Register.
Registry median versus DOE 2020 test average
Formula132.5 - 131.1
Inputs: d1; fact sheet row 7 (fact sheet rows)
Result: 1.4 minutes
Manual-stated times for models that count drying line up with DOE's measured average from 2020.
Limitations: Different years, models and statistics; a consistency check only.
Households defaulting to Normal
Formulashare Normal with heated dry + share Normal without, among households running 1+ loads a week
Inputs: RECS 2024 microdata DWCYCLE, DWASHUSE, NWEIGHT (fact sheet rows)
Result: 82.3%; 77.1% of them add heated dry
Most households run the cycle that manufacturers time longest, and most add heated dry.
Limitations: Self-reported most-used cycle; preliminary 2024 release.
Illustrative weekly run time
Formula3.70 loads a week x 132.5 minutes / 60
Inputs: RECS 2024 mean loads (fact sheet row 34); d1 (fact sheet rows)
Result: 8.2 hours a week
A dishwasher used at the average rate on a typical Normal cycle runs about a full working day each week.
Limitations: Combines two sources; assumes every load is a Normal cycle at the stated midpoint.
Findings to track
- The median Normal cycle across 21 current US standard-size dishwashers whose manuals count drying is 132.5 minutes (manuals accessed November 2, 2026).[20][21][22][23]
- All 21 of those models state a Normal range whose upper end exceeds 120 minutes; 85.7% have a midpoint above 2 hours.[20][21][22][23]
- The median quick cycle across 42 US standard-size models is 60 minutes, so a drying-counted Normal cycle runs 2.21 times as long.[19][20][21][22][23]
- GE Appliances manuals covering 23 of 44 standard-size models in the registry (52.3%) state washing time only; their median Normal midpoint is 92.5 minutes.[19]
- GE manuals say Dry Boost adds 49 to 90 minutes and Wash Temp Boost 20 to 50 minutes to a cycle.[19]
- Counting each of 26 distinct standard-size manuals once, the median Normal midpoint is again 132.5 minutes and 76.9% top 2 hours at the upper end.[19][20][21][22][23]
- In petitioner data DOE cited in July 2019, US average cycle time rose from 69 minutes (1983) to 140 minutes (2018).[2]
- DOE's 2020 laboratory tests of 31 standard models averaged 131.1 minutes on Normal and 75.5 minutes on Quick; no Normal cycle ran under 60 minutes.[3][7]
- Of 10 tested quick cycles under 60 minutes, only 1 cleaned to a score of 70 on all three soil loads (DOE, 2020).[3]
- On Bosch models, the 60-minute Speed60 cycle lists a median 0.84 kWh, above the low end of the Normal range on 10 of 12 models.[20]
- In 2024, 63.4% of the 80.3 million US households that run a dishwasher mostly used Normal with heated dry and 3.3% mostly used Quick (EIA RECS, preliminary).[15][16]
- 19.17 million US dishwasher owners (19.3%) reported running 0 loads a week in 2024.[15]
- From April 23, 2027, standard-size dishwashers are limited to 223 kWh a year and 3.3 gallons a cycle under 10 CFR 430.32(f), pending DOE's May 2025 water rescission proposal.[13][12]
Questions people ask
Why do dishwashers take 3 hours now?
Most do not quite: the median Normal cycle is 132.5 minutes across 21 current standard-size models whose manuals count drying, and the longest standard-size range in the KBR registry tops out at 160 minutes. Adding options changes that: GE manuals say Dry Boost adds 49 to 90 minutes. In DOE's record, CEI tied longer cycles to efficiency standards and AHAM said deeper energy and water cuts could push cycle time up, while DOE found cycle time was not substantively correlated with Normal-cycle energy and water use (84 FR 33869; 88 FR 3234; 88 FR 32514).
Is the quick wash cycle as good?
Not for a full, dirty load in DOE's 2020 tests: of 10 quick cycles under 60 minutes, only 1 scored 70 or more on all three soil loads (85 FR 68723). Most quick cycles in the registry also skip drying, and Bosch's 60-minute Speed60 lists more energy than a light Normal load on 10 of 12 models.
Does the heated dry cycle add time?
Yes. GE manuals state Normal times as washing time only and say Dry Boost adds 49 to 90 minutes. In 2024, 77.1% of US households whose most-used cycle is Normal ran it with heated dry (EIA RECS).
How long does a dishwasher normal cycle take?
About 2 hours 10 minutes to 2 hours 15 minutes on a typical current model when drying is counted: the median stated range is 130 to 135 minutes across 21 standard-size models (KBR registry, November 2026). GE manuals quote 75 to 120 minutes of washing time before drying.
Download the data
Every table in this report is available as a CSV under CC BY 4.0. The fact sheet lists each value with its source URL and access date.
- derived_metrics.csv (CSV)
- fact_sheet.csv (CSV)
- t1_registry.csv (CSV)
- t2_registry_summary.csv (CSV)
- t3_doe_record.csv (CSV)
- t4_cycle_time_measurements.csv (CSV)
- t5_recs_cycle_type.csv (CSV)
- t6_normal_vs_quick.csv (CSV)
For journalists and researchers
If you cite only a few, cite these
- 132.5 minutes: median Normal cycle, 21 standard-size models whose manuals count drying (KBR registry, November 2026).[20][21][22][23]
- 60 minutes: median quick cycle across 42 standard-size models.[19][20][21][22][23]
- 69 to 140 minutes: average cycle time, 1983 to 2018, in data cited by DOE at 84 FR 33869.[2]
Most quotable statistics
- The median Normal dishwasher cycle is 132.5 minutes across 21 current US standard-size models whose manuals count drying (KBR registry, November 2026).[20][21][22][23]
- Half of the 44 standard-size models in the registry (52.3%) publish washing time only, leaving out drying.[19]
- Average dishwasher cycle time rose from 69 minutes in 1983 to 140 minutes in 2018 in petitioner data cited by DOE.[2]
- DOE's 2020 tests of 31 models averaged 131.1 minutes on Normal and 75.5 minutes on Quick.[7]
- Only 3.3% of US households that run a dishwasher mostly use the Quick cycle (EIA RECS 2024, preliminary).[15]
- Of 10 quick cycles under 60 minutes that DOE tested in 2020, 1 cleaned to a score of 70 on all three soil loads.[3]
Press summary
A Kitchen and Bath Renovators registry of 47 current US dishwasher owner manuals from 6 brands finds a median Normal cycle of 132.5 minutes among the 21 standard-size models whose manuals count drying, and a median quick cycle of 60 minutes. Every one of those 21 models states a Normal range that tops 2 hours at the upper end. GE and GE Profile manuals, which cover 23 of the 44 standard-size models, state washing time only, so their 75 to 120 minute figures leave out drying that GE says can add 49 to 90 minutes with Dry Boost. The registry median sits within 1.4 minutes of DOE's 2020 laboratory average of 131.1 minutes. Petitioner data cited by DOE show average cycles of 69 minutes in 1983 and 140 in 2018. DOE created a class for 60-minute Normal cycles in 2020, revoked it in 2022 and confirmed that in 2024. EIA survey data show 82.3% of households that run a dishwasher default to Normal; 3.3% mostly use Quick.
Suggested headlines
- Dishwashers now run a median 132.5 minutes on Normal, owner manuals show
- Half of dishwasher manuals in a 47-model registry leave drying out of the stated cycle time
- Dishwasher cycles went from 69 to 140 minutes between 1983 and 2018 in data DOE cited
- Quick cycles take a median 60 minutes, yet only 3.3% of households use them most
- DOE's 60-minute dishwasher class: created 2020, revoked 2022, withdrawal confirmed 2024
How to cite this report
Kitchen and Bath Renovators. (2026). How Long Does a Dishwasher Run? Cycle Times From 47 Current Owner Manuals. Retrieved from https://kitchenandbathrenovators.com/research/how-long-does-a-dishwasher-run/
Reuse license
Data and tables are licensed CC BY 4.0. Attribution: “Source: Kitchen and Bath Renovators, How Long Does a Dishwasher Run? Cycle Times From 47 Current Owner Manuals” with a link to this page.
Frequently asked questions
What is the average dishwasher cycle time in minutes?
DOE's 2020 lab tests of 31 standard models averaged 131.1 minutes on Normal (88 FR 32514). The 2026 KBR registry median for manuals that count drying is 132.5 minutes.
How long is a quick wash on a dishwasher?
The median quick cycle across 42 current US standard-size models is 60 minutes; Thermador's Quick runs 30 to 35 minutes and skips drying (KBR registry, November 2026).
Were dishwashers faster in the 1980s?
Petitioner data DOE cited in 2019 put the average cycle at 69 minutes in 1983 and 140 minutes in 2018, a 71-minute increase (84 FR 33869).
Is there a federal limit on dishwasher cycle time?
No. DOE regulates energy and water on the Normal cycle only. A 2020 rule created a class for Normal cycles of 60 minutes or less; DOE revoked it in 2022 and confirmed that on December 27, 2024 (89 FR 105408).
Why does my GE dishwasher take longer than the manual says?
GE manuals state washing time only, excluding drying, Auto Hot Start and options; Dry Boost alone adds 49 to 90 minutes, and Auto Hot Start up to 25 minutes on some models.
Which dishwasher cycle do most people use?
In 2024, 63.4% of US households that run a dishwasher mostly used Normal with heated dry and 18.9% Normal without it; 3.3% mostly used Quick (EIA RECS microdata).
Does the quick cycle save energy?
Not always. Bosch manuals list Speed60 at a median 0.84 kWh, above the 0.775 kWh median low end of Normal; Thermador lists its Quick cycle at 0.56 kWh.
Do compact 18-inch dishwashers run shorter cycles?
Not necessarily: ZLINE's 18-inch DWV-18 manual lists 182 to 227 minutes on Regular, and Danby's DDW18D1ESS lists 122 to 145 minutes.
What dishwasher standards apply in 2027?
From April 23, 2027, standard-size models are limited to 223 kWh a year and 3.3 gallons a cycle, compact to 174 kWh and 3.1 gallons (10 CFR 430.32(f)); DOE's May 2025 proposal would return water limits to 6.5 and 4.5 gallons.
How many US households never run their dishwasher?
19.17 million households with a dishwasher (19.3%) reported running 0 loads a week in 2024 (EIA RECS microdata, preliminary).
Reproduce this analysis
Every figure comes from the files below. The scripts that pulled and computed them are kept with the report and can be re-run.
| Dataset | Publisher | Source | Query or filter | Rows used | Retrieved |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GE Appliances spec pages and Use and Care manuals | GE Appliances | File or endpoint | spec page per model; Documents_4_Use and Care Manual link; scripts/ge_manual.py | 24 models with manuals (23 standard after dropping 1 color variant plus 1 compact), 6 distinct manuals | 2026-11-02 |
| Bosch and Thermador US product pages and user manuals | BSH Home Appliances | File or endpoint | type IU, locale en-US manuals linked from each product page; scripts/bsh_manual.py and parse_bsh.py | 17 models, 17 manuals | 2026-11-02 |
| ZLINE Classic and Tallac user manuals | ZLINE Kitchen and Bath | File or endpoint | user manual linked from product pages; scripts/zline_manual.py | 3 models, 2 manuals | 2026-11-02 |
| Danby owner manuals | Danby | File or endpoint | owner manual (EFS) linked from product pages | 3 models, 3 manuals | 2026-11-02 |
| RECS 2024 public microdata v1 | U.S. Energy Information Administration | File or endpoint | DISHWASH=1 and DWASHUSE>0; DWCYCLE shares; NWEIGHT and NWEIGHT1-60; scripts/recs_cycle.py | 10,734 responding households that run a dishwasher (2,181 owners with 0 loads excluded) | 2026-11-02 |
| RECS 2020 public microdata v7 | U.S. Energy Information Administration | File or endpoint | same filters as 2024 | 11,739 households | 2026-11-02 |
| Federal Register documents API | Office of the Federal Register | File or endpoint | term dishwasher(s), agency energy-department, 2018 onward; full text of 12 documents | 12 dishwasher rulemaking documents used | 2026-11-02 |
| eCFR 10 CFR 430.32 | National Archives eCFR | File or endpoint | paragraph (f) dishwashers | 1 section | 2026-11-02 |
Data quality and exclusions
- Dropped 1 GE color variant (GDT226SGLBB) and 1 ZLINE finish variant (DW-BLM-H-24) that share a manual and cycle table with a listed model.
- Excluded 3 compact models (PDT145SSLSS, DWV-18, DDW18D1ESS) from standard-size medians; they remain in the registry table.
- 2 GE models (GDT225SSLSS, GDT226SSLSS) list no quick cycle; they are excluded from quick-cycle medians only.
- Recorded 1 reversed range in two Bosch manuals (2:35 to 2:15) as 135 to 155 minutes.
- Excluded 2,181 RECS 2024 respondents (19.17 million weighted households) who own a dishwasher but run 0 loads; DWCYCLE is not asked of them.
- Decoded a font-shift encoding in GE PDFs (characters offset by 29) before reading cycle times; decoded text saved as raw/manuals/*.decoded.txt.
Methodology
Selection: the registry covers current US models whose manufacturer publishes an English owner manual with a cycle-time chart that could be downloaded without bypassing access controls. GE Appliances (GE, GE Profile), Bosch and Thermador manuals were taken from the manuals each product page links; ZLINE and Danby manuals from their product pages. Whirlpool, KitchenAid, Maytag, Frigidaire, Beko and Blomberg sites did not respond to automated requests, and Miele, Asko and Cafe returned access errors; those brands are not in the registry (see excluded.md). Samsung, LG, Fisher & Paykel, Midea and Sharp pages did not expose a downloadable manual with a cycle-time chart.
Inclusion: one row per model number; pure color variants (for example GDT226SGLBB) were dropped. Compacts (18 inch) are kept in the registry but excluded from standard-size statistics. The Normal cycle is the cycle each manual names as used for the DOE or Energy Guide rating; on one GE manual that is AutoSense. A quick cycle is the shortest full wash the manual markets as quick (Speed60, Quick, 1-Hour Wash, 1 Hour, Rapid, Super); Light, Glass, Delicate and Rinse cycles are not counted.
Conflicts and definitions: GE manuals state washing time only, while Bosch, Thermador, ZLINE and Danby include drying in Normal times; the report keeps these groups separate instead of adding an assumed drying time. One Bosch manual prints its Normal range as 2:35 to 2:15; it is recorded as 135 to 155 minutes. Danby's DDW2400ESS table is an image in the PDF and was read from the rendered page.
Derived metrics: ranges are converted to minutes and midpointed; medians and shares are computed in scripts/build_registry.py and scripts/make_outputs.py. RECS shares use NWEIGHT among households with a dishwasher that run 1 or more loads a week; standard errors use the 60 jackknife replicate weights with factor 59/60, which reproduces EIA's published 0.54% relative standard error for dishwasher ownership.
Federal record: every rulemaking date, citation and docket number comes from the Federal Register API metadata and full text saved in raw/. The absence of a final rule on the 2025 water proposal is based on a Federal Register search on November 2, 2026.
Limitations and update: manual times are manufacturer statements for typical conditions, not KBR measurements, and the sample is weighted toward brands with open manual links. Last updated November 2, 2026. This report is information, not purchasing, legal or energy advice.
This report presents published data with its limitations. It is not legal, financial or investment advice.
Sources, ranked by quality
Tier 1: primary and official sources (18)
- [1] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Notification of petition for rulemaking (CEI short-cycle petition), 83 FR 17768 (docket none listed). 2018-04-24. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [2] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Grant of petition and proposed short-cycle product class, 84 FR 33869 (docket EERE-2018-BT-STD-0005). 2019-07-16. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [3] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Final rule: new product class for dishwashers with a Normal cycle of 60 minutes or less, 85 FR 68723 (docket EERE-2018-BT-STD-0005). 2020-10-30. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [4] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Proposed rule to revoke short-cycle product classes, 86 FR 43970 (docket EERE-2021-BT-STD-0002). 2021-08-11. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [5] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Final rule revoking short-cycle product classes, 87 FR 2673 (docket EERE-2021-BT-STD-0002). 2022-01-19. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [6] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Final rule: test procedure for dishwashers (appendix C2), 88 FR 3234 (docket EERE-2016-BT-TP-0012). 2023-01-18. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [7] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Notice of proposed rulemaking: energy conservation standards for dishwashers, 88 FR 32514 (docket EERE-2019-BT-STD-0039). 2023-05-19. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [8] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Direct final rule: energy conservation standards for dishwashers, 89 FR 31398 (docket EERE-2019-BT-STD-0039). 2024-04-24. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [9] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Confirmation of effective and compliance dates, 89 FR 83611 (docket EERE-2019-BT-STD-0039). 2024-10-17. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [10] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Proposed confirmation of short-cycle withdrawal on remand, 89 FR 88661 (docket EERE-2024-BT-STD-0002). 2024-11-08. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [11] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Final confirmation of short-cycle withdrawal on remand, 89 FR 105408 (docket EERE-2024-BT-STD-0002). 2024-12-27. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [12] U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Register. Proposed rule: rescinding the amended water use standards for residential dishwashers, 90 FR 20859 (docket EERE-2025-BT-STD-0023). 2025-05-16. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [13] eCFR, National Archives. 10 CFR 430.32(f), energy and water conservation standards for dishwashers. version of 2025-05-20, current to 2026-10-29. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [14] Federal Register. Federal Register document search, term 'dishwasher', published 2025-01-01 onward. 2025-01-01 to 2026-11-02. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [15] U.S. Energy Information Administration. Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2024, public microdata v1 (preliminary). 2024, released March 2026. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [16] U.S. Energy Information Administration. RECS 2024 Table HC3.1, appliances in U.S. homes. 2024, released March 2026. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [17] U.S. Energy Information Administration. Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2020, public microdata v7. 2020. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [18] U.S. Energy Information Administration. Using the RECS microdata file to compute estimates and standard errors. 2020 methodology. Accessed 2026-11-02.
Tier 2: trade bodies, market research, company data (5)
- [19] GE Appliances. GE and GE Profile dishwasher owner manuals (24 models, 6 manuals) via GE Appliances spec pages. manuals current November 2026. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [20] BSH Home Appliances (Bosch). Bosch dishwasher user manuals (12 models). manuals current November 2026. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [21] BSH Home Appliances (Thermador). Thermador dishwasher user manuals (5 models). manuals current November 2026. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [22] ZLINE Kitchen and Bath. ZLINE Classic and Tallac dishwasher user manuals. June 2024 and July 2026 editions. Accessed 2026-11-02.
- [23] Danby. Danby dishwasher owner manuals (DDW2400ESS, DDW2404EBSS, DDW18D1ESS). 2024 and 2025 editions. Accessed 2026-11-02.